Summary of Kants categorical imperative Essay Example for Free

Outline of Kants all out basic Essay Immanuel Kants moral hypothesis can be best disclosed by contrasting it with a math condition. Kants moral framework will consistently remain constant regardless of what the situation simply like how two in addition to two will consistently rise to four. As per Kant, our lives ought to be lived by sayings that can be willed into all inclusive law (Kant, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, p 303). Anyway the activity in regards to an ethical choice isn't decided by the results of that activity, rather by the thought process of that activity. Kants the strategy for moral thinking begins by first understanding the guideline the balanced operator is acting under. To completely comprehend what this implies, a sound operator is to be characterized as an element who is fit for settling on normal choices paying little mind to their characteristic tendencies. This condition prohibits such models as, creatures, newborn children, and individuals in a state of extreme lethargy from being viewed as a sound specialist since they don't demonstrate the ability to reason. In the wake of understanding the standard the individual is acting under, decide whether the explanation is ethically right. So as to decide whether the proverb is moral and ready to be willed into all inclusive law, it must finish three assessments: independence, regard for humankind, and the realm of closures. Self-governance portrays the sentiment of achievement. This can be delineated as a man who guarantees his better half that he will remove the end of the week from hitting the fairway and document their duty reports. By staying faithful to his obligation to his significant other he not just feels the fulfillment from completing their duty report yet additionally, more critically likes finishing his guarantee. Self-governance is significant in such a case that the spouse breaks his guarantees and carries on with his life as a guarantee breaker then this saying is unmistakably pointless. The whole saying of promising to break guarantees doesn't breeze through the assessment of self-rule hence would never be passed as an all inclusive law. Be that as it may, on the off chance that in the wake of breezing through the self-governance assessment, at that point a guideline should likewise regard everybody elses independence. So as to regard mankind, settle on choices that show a general worry for sound specialists. On the off chance that by regarding them as an objective specialist, at that point the standard won't influence another people capacity think. So as to do this, it is never satisfactory to treat a sound being as just a methods (Kant, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, p 307). In other words, the demonstration of assault regards the sound specialist as a way to sexual satisfaction. The demonstration of assault doesn't regard the operator as a reasonable being and would never be willed into an ethical general law. Notwithstanding in the event that a rule had the option to pass the initial two conditions, at that point it is important to expose it to the realm of finishes test. The realm of closures is made out of a gathering of normal specialists all with various destinations throughout everyday life. The significance of having various goals in life guarantees that all viewpoints and foundations have been secured. These operators have been given the duty of making a free society. A free society involves laws that each levelheaded specialist in that society would concur upon. In the event that the standard isn't a measure that the realm of finishes would sanction, at that point the guideline, by Kants definition, is indecent. Let us break down the rule of lack of care. Carrying on with an indifferent life does in reality finish the assessment of independence and by demonstrating detachment to other sound specialists it likewise breezes through the assessment of mankind. In any case, disregard would not pass the realm of finishes, as no sound being would acknowledge such an adage. Thus, an indifferent life couldn't be passed as general law. For instance, we will allude back to the oppression of Jews during World War II. State a man is concealing a Jew in his home and the Gestapo comes thumping on entryway. In any case, as the Gestapo addresses the man of the whereabouts of the Jew, the man can't lie and state that nobody is stowing away inside his home, and yet, if he somehow happened to come clean he would be by implication bringing hurt upon himself and the Jew. The man should scrutinize the Gestapo about what they plan on doing to the Jew once they have found him. As per Kant, results have no pertinence, despite the fact that on the off chance that every single imaginable outcome were known, at that point it is reasonable to softly consider. Since coming clean by giving the Gestapo the whereabouts of the Jew would bring direct mischief, it is allowable to lie. The adage is never lie except if reality results immediate or backhanded damage. This adage regards self-governance and human instinct and would be breeze through the realm of closures assessment and along these lines can be willed into general good law. Presently take the instance of Harry and Sally, as per Kantian good thinking, should Sally tempt Harry? If Sally somehow managed to entice Harry by returning him to her place and engaging in sexual relations with him, she would utilize him as a way to her closures. By Sally utilizing Harry essentially as a way to accomplish her finishes, that ethical choice is breaking a major Kantian standard. Utilizing individuals as just a methods is rarely adequate. The distinction between Sally tempting Harry into sex and Sally having consensual sex with Harry is the distinction of trickiness and intimidation. As indicated by Mappes, misleading and intimidation are the strategies for explicitly utilizing somebody (Mappes, Sexual Morality, p. 166). The entire thought is based off the regard for a distinct individual to willfully settle on their own choices. By deluding somebody, it is obviously deceptive an individual to settle on a choice that they would not have made, had it been on their own respect. Anyway the complaint can be made that Sally ought to do what eventually brings her pleasure. Utilizing Utilitarian ethical quality, something that outcomes in the more noteworthy joy, or evasion of damage, of the populaces included is ethically right. Despite the fact that Harry is to some degree troubled of the entire easygoing sex thought, he isn't insubordinate or emphatically against it. It can even be contemplated that Harry may even live it up once him and Sally are engaging in sexual relations. And furthermore, easygoing sex is entirely alright if there is no lying, beguiling, or misusing (Elliston, In Defense of Promiscuity, p. 170). I trust Ellistons meaning of misdirecting is distinctive that Kants definition. Kant covers all and any kind of trickiness as corrupt. Elliston concurs that double dealing is in reality shameless, yet his meaning of misdirection would take care of business telling a lady he doesn't have herpes when for sure he does. For whatever length of time that sex is consensual, there is no mischief. Sally would just allure Harry back to her home under, state, the reason to watch a film, anyway when the genuine demonstration of intercourse occurs, Harry isn't being bamboozled by any means. Indeed, even with the contentions above, Sally would at last be utilizing Harry just as a way to accomplish her parts of the bargains. By utilizing Kantian profound quality, Sally ought not pressure Harry to returning home with her nor should she attempt to allure him. Kant reasons that individuals have been given this endowment of unrestrained choice to go about as the isolating line among people and creatures. Creatures are viewed as creatures since they come up short on the capacity to think. What at that point, is a definitive worth and motivation behind having a through and through freedom? On the off chance that the purpose of having a through and through freedom was to look for delight and keep away from hurt, at that point we are simply creatures and have squandered this capacity to reason. Rather, people have unrestrained choice so they could adhere to moral law. In this manner, observe moral law even in circumstances where social laws or common tendencies could struggle. By following Kants moral thinking, what we do in our lives is correct not just in light of the fact that we ourselves trust it to be correct yet in addition since we have willed it to become all inclusive law, it couldn't in any way, shape or form not be right. The proverbs that we base our lives on are inherently acceptable on the grounds that we can will it into general law. Along these lines, moral choices caused utilizing Kants thoughts to can be applied all around. Kants thoughts show regard for humankind and people groups choices are not made for narrow minded joy looking for reasons by regarding individuals as a methods, yet rather they are made dependent on widespread ethics and by regarding everyone as a sound operator. By following Kants moral thinking a reasonable specialist will have the option to settle on the correct choice when confronted with an ethical issue.

Pneumothorax an Abnormal Collection of Air in the Pleural Space

Question: Examine About Pneumothorax An Abnormal Collection Of Air In The Pleural Space? Answer: Presentation Pneumothorax is a strange assortment of air in the pleural space, causing an uncoupling of the lung from the chest divider. It prompts falling of lungs. As the degree of air in the space among lung and chest divider expands, the weight against lung additionally builds, which makes the lungs breakdown. There are a few reasons, which may prompts pneumothorax. In this way, it is essential to recognize the reason for the ailment alongside the pathophysiology (Volpicelli 2011). In this exposition, the center is Leigh Richards, whose little girl has to know the pathophysiology of pneumothorax and the reason for the accessible pharmacology of the turmoil. Along these lines, the article would incorporate the depiction of pathophysiology of the case tolerant, for example the job of UWSD inclusion, signs and indications of pneumothorax and its impacts on heart and respiratory framework. Pathopysiology of pneumothorax Pneumothorax is the condition with the nearness of gas inside the pleural space. Typically, lungs are completely kindled inside the cavity as the alveolar weight is more noteworthy than the intrapleural pressure, while the intrapleural pressure is not exactly the environmental weight. Rather than low weight in the pleural space air can't enter it because of the nonappearance of air-containing section and the weight of gases in the circulatory system is low to mightily go into the pleural space. Thusly, if air is permitted to enter, by means of harmed chest divider or hindered lung or because of gas creating microorganisms present in the pleural space, pneumothorax can just create (Grundy et al. 2012). Endless supply of a connection between pleural space and alveolus or inside climate and pleural space, gases follow the weight inclination and streams into the pleural space, until the weight slope vanishes or the irregular correspondence is have been fixed. At the point when the condit ion creates, as the thoracic depression is generally beneath the resting volume and lung is over its resting volume, lung decreases and thoracic cavity extends. In minority of cases the air volume inside the chest increments, when a single direction valve is created by a region of harmed tissue, which creates strain pneumothorax. This condition is alluded to a health related crisis and happens when a he intrapleural pressure goes past the climatic weight, particularly at the hour of termination, because of a ball valve system, which impacts the motivation amassing of pleural gases. The improvement of weight inside pleural space results in hypoxaemia and prompts respiratory breakdown because of pressure of lung. The body make up for the condition by expanding respiratory rate and tidal volume, in this manner declining the issue. This ailment is caused because of a consistently intensifying oxygen deficiency alongside low circulatory strain (Subotic and Van Schil 2011). The condition may likewise prompt demise by hypoxia and respiratory capture, if not oversaw appropriately. Nonetheless, in exceptionally uncommon cases, both of the lungs get influenced by a pneumothorax, the condition known as atelectasis or fallen lung. The essential pneumothorax is the condition happening without evident reason, without huge lung malady, though the optional pneumothorax is alluded to the condition when the other lung ailments are available. The harm to chest divider can emerge because of injury to chest divider like cut or projectile injuries. In optional unconstrained pneumothoraces, a various scope of malady procedure can prompt vulnerabilities in the lung tissue by breaking of bullae in instances of extreme emphysema (Zarogoulidis et al. 2014). The territories, where the rot happens may encourage pneumothorax. From numerous years it has been imagined that little air documented injuries under pleural surface, which are known as blebs, are contributing in expanding the danger of pneumothorax. Pharmacology of pneumothorax Prompt needle decompression should be possible for pressure pneumothoraces. Constant observing with ordinary X-beam for essential unconstrained pneumothoraces can likewise be a noteworthy treatment. In any case, submerged seal seepage has a high potential to determine the movement towards optional unconstrained pneumothorax improvement (Nelson et al. 2013). UWSD and impacts A submerged seal and chest tube, which is otherwise called chest channel, thoracic catheter, intercostals channel or thoracostomy, is an empty, fexible and long cylinder, which is embedded through the chest divider inside ribs and into the pleural space or mediastinum. This procedure is utilized for evacuating air, if there should be an occurrence of pneumothorax from the intrathoracic space. It is a canister gadget, utilized for gathering chest seepage (Roberts et al. 2015). This waste canister utilizes three chambers, in light of three jug framework. The primary chamber gathers the liquid from chest. The subsequent chamber assumes the job of a water seal, going about as one way valve that permits the gases to excape, rather than permitting gases to reappear chest. The third chamber is the pull control chamber. The water tallness in the chamber controls the negative weight on the framework. Chest depletes ordinarily stays in as long as the air stays in the pleural space. Leigh Richard will experience a normal chest X-beam to screen the advancement in recuperation of the heath issue. There might be entanglements, related with chest seepage; minor issues incorporate wounding, tension, breathing brevity and hack. Be that as it may, significant inconveniences like dying, disease, re-development aspiratory edema, injury to liver, spleen or stomach may occur, however the recurrence is low. Inappropriatee the executives can likewise cause thoracic aorta and heart injury. Chest tube stopping up is the most well-known entanglement, brought about by blood clot arrangement inside the chest tube (Brown et al. 2014). The procedure can be utilized for different conditions like pleural emission, alluded to the condition identified with aggregation of liquid in pleural space. The procedure is vital for stop the advancement of strain pneumothorax, as pressure pneumothorax is the conditi on, which is the consequence of dynamic increment in intrapleural strain to such levels that become positive all through the respiratory cycle and falls the lung, moves the mediastinum just as hinders venous come back to the heart. Subsequently, untreated essential pneumothorax can prompt strain pneumothorax (Puri and Dingemann 2011). This condition, whenever treated with UWSD, can reestablish the past typical lung structure and diminish the opportunity of deliberate hypotension, respiratory and heart failure. Impact on respiratory and heart framework If there should be an occurrence of strain pneumothorax, as the weight of gas increments inside the pleural space, the ipsilateral lung breakdown, prompting hypoxia. Untreated condition prompts the move of mediastinum towards the contralateral side and encroaches on and packs both the contralateral lung and debilitates the venous return towards the correct chamber. The impact is hypoxia, demonstrating that there is lack of wind current through airtubes, prompting perished venous return because of pressure of the moderately slender dividers of the atria, impeding the heart work (Subotic and Van Schil 2011). The condition is trailed by wrinkling of the sub-par vena cava, which has been shown as the underlying advance in blood stream limitation towards heart. This sorts of circumstance has been recognized in numerous in injury patients, who are hypovolemic with decreased venous blood coming back to the heart. Thusly, the above results of pressure pneumothorax showed that the condition, whenever left untreated, can quickly advance towards respiratory inadequacy, heart failure or cardiovascular breakdown, which thusly prompts passing. Along these lines, the above conversation with respect with the impact of pneumthorax on both respiratory and cardiovascular framework would be useful for Leigh Richards little girl to comprehend from the nursing points of view. Signs/Symptoms The side effects are needy upon the size of pneumothorax. In the gentle cases, the side effects are not appropriately felt or comprehended. In any case, in extreme cases fast indications may create, prompting stun. Manifestations of pneumothorax for the most part incorporate abrupt beginning of uneven, sharp chest torment alongside breathing brevity. Brevity of breath or dyspnea might be mellow or serious, seriousness of which relies on how much the lung is crumpled. These unexpected indications can be compounded with changes in heights like flying high in plane or going submerged or underground (Volpicelli 2011). Breathing brevity or hypoxia is the sign of low wind current through the air tube, which is the consequence of respiratory capture, while hypotension is the appearance of cardiovascular inadequacy of appropriate blood move through the veins. The physical discoveries comprise of missing material fremitus, hyperresonance to percussion alongside diminished breath sounds on the influenced side. Hypotension can likewise be a sign, if the pneumothorax is enormous and the influenced side is amplified, which makes the move of trachea the contrary side. End Taking everything into account, it tends to be said that pneumothorax is a noteworthy respiratory issue, which ought to be analyzed when the patient encounters obvious signs and manifestations. It is on the grounds that, the issue can quickly advance towards the exacerbating of the condition, which might be non-treatable and may prompted deadly results. In this paper, Leigh Richards contextual analysis was engaged, where his little girl, the subsequent year nursing understudy endeavors to comprehend the results of the condition and job of UWSD. The article showed the signs and side effects, pathophysiology, pharmacology of UWSD also the impacts of the issue on both respiratory and cardiovascular framework. Reference List Earthy colored, S.G.A., Ball, E.L., Macdonald, S.P.J., Wright, C. furthermore, McD Taylor, D., 2014. Unconstrained pneumothorax; a multicentre review analysi

Box Breathing Techniques and Benefits

Box Breathing Techniques and Benefits Meditation Print Box Breathing Techniques and Benefits By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on February 16, 2020  istockphoto More in Self-Improvement Meditation Happiness Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All Despite the somewhat exotic name, box breathing is a very simple and even familiar type of stress management exercise. If youve ever found yourself inhaling and exhaling to a rhythm while you run or listen to music, youve taken the first steps. Box breathing is a type of paced breathing that follows a certain rhythm, and it can help you to minimize stress. How Box Breathing Works Box breathing, also known as four-square breathing, involves exhaling to a count of four, holding your lungs empty for a four-count, inhaling at the same pace, and holding air in your lungs for a count of four before exhaling and beginning the pattern anew. How Box Breathing Compares to Other Forms of Stress Management Box breathing doesnt carry the physical benefits of exercise or the long-term mental and resilience benefits of meditation, but it definitely has its place as a stress management technique. For one thing, its very simple to learn and to practice.?? Also, it can be practiced virtually anywhere and anytimeâ€"when youre showering, watching tv, or even working. You can give it a try anywhere when youre not so distracted that you cant spare any attention, or exercising so strenuously that you cant talk through it. Also, you can practice box breathing for only a minute or two and experience the immediate benefits of a calm body and a more relaxed mind, or you can practice for several minutes and experience that plus the longer-term benefits of meditation, including increased resilience to stress, decreased feelings of depression, increased positive feelings, and more. What the Research Says Unfortunately, theres not a lot of research specifically on box breathing, as this is a relatively new technique. However, there is quite a  bit of research on breathing exercises in general, and on paced breathing as well?? , which is the category of breathing exercise this would best fit. There is also research on visualization and meditation???, of course, and the practice of box breathing can facilitate  both of these. For visualization, simply imagine that you are inflating and draining a balloon with each cycle, for example. For meditation, you can add a mantra to repeat rather than counting to four, and gain the benefits of mantra meditation, or transcendental meditation, which has been found to be quite beneficial for physical and mental health. Here are some study findings  that can support the effectiveness of box breathing: Studies on transcendental meditation and mindfulness-based stress reductionâ€"another form of meditationâ€"have found that meditation (mantra-based and mindfulness-based) can both lead to decreased stress and anxiety, lower blood pressure, greater feelings of happiness, and reduced feelings of depression.?? While this isnt specific research on box breathing, this may apply to box breathing when practiced for around 20 minutes at a time, because this can help you to get into a meditative state.Research on deep breathing shows that it is useful not only for stress management but also for reducing blood pressure and minimizing hypertension as well.??Studies have found that simple practices like breathing exercises are effective in reducing stress in everyday situations like the experience of test anxiety, sometimes to a greater degree than more complex stress management techniques.?? How to Practice Box Breathing Box breathing is exceedingly simple to practice. Simply relax your body and do the following: Let out all of the air in your lungs to the count of four.Keep your lungs empty for a count of four.Inhale for a count of four.Keep your lungs full for a count of four. Thats it! You can vary this in a few different ways. As mentioned before, you can make the practice into a sort of mantra meditation by saying a mantra rather than counting to four. Mississippi, or something with four syllables can work wellâ€"I feel so calm, Im here right now, or even just O-o-m-m, stretched out to four counts can work. Another variation is to visualize four sides of a box changing to a new color, one after the other, or in a line as though the box is being traced by a colored pen you hold with your mind, making this into a visualization exercise. Practicing for five minutes can provide a quick break from stress, but if you practice for longerâ€"10 to 20 minutes, for exampleâ€"it can fall under the umbrella of meditation, which carries even more lasting benefits. Apps to Try There are several apps that can help you practice box breathing or other types of paced breathing for stress relief. Whats great about these apps is that they can add a visual element to your practice. If youre a visual learner, you can practice these breathing techniques with the app to the point that you really connect with them, then visualize what you experience in the apps even when youre not using them, like in the shower or while driving. This makes it easier for many people to both learn the techniques, and enjoy them more. Here are a few of the top apps for box breathing and other types of paced breathing exercises: Box Breathing App:  This one can be downloaded for  Apple or Android devices, and has nine levels of use that can help you to really get a firm grasp on the practice of box breathing and make it part of your daily routine. The app  includes full and partial audio prompts and tracks your practice history so you can see how much time youre spending with this stress relief activity. The makers of the app claim that it has been voted Best tool to achieve a state of flow, which is a wonderful distinction from stress management and creativity perspective, though its unclear who conducted this poll.Breathe 2 Relax: This app is also available for both Apple and PCâ€"oriented users and has a wide range of timed  breathing exercises to use. It was developed by the National Institute for Telehealth and Technology, an organization within the U.S. Department of Defense. One of its strong points is that it has a graph feature that can help you to determine where much of your stress originates.Univ ersal Breathing:  This is also available for iOS and Android users, and has a variety of visual exercises that work with your breathing. They become increasingly challenging, helping you to gain more complex skills with your breathing exercises. This can be particularly enjoyable for those who love a challenge and may become bored with an app that may feel repetitive, but want the benefits of practicing calming techniques like breathing exercises.

The Impact Of Sarbanes Oxley Act On Public Companies And...

The affects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Public Companies and the Market Shareen Sidhu University of Maryland University College The Affects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Public Companies and the Market The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was implemented and designed to â€Å"protect the interests of the investing public† and the â€Å"mission is to set and enforce practice standards for a new class of firms registered to audit publicly held companies† (Verschoor, 2012). During the early 2000 s, the world saw an alarming number of accounting scandals take place resulting in many corporations going bankrupt. Some of the major companies involved in these scandals were from Enron, WorldCom, and one of the top five accounting and auditing firms, Arthur Andersen. These companies were dishonest with their financial statements, assuring the public the company was very successful, when in reality they were not. This became a problem because if the public believes a company is doing well, they are more likely to invest in it. That is to say, once these companies were exposed, it caused a number of companies goi ng bankrupt and a major mistrust between the public and the capital market. Consequently, the federal government quickly took action and enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley act of 2002, also known as SOX, which was created by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Many have questioned what Norman Bowie (2004) had questioned,Show MoreRelatedThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 20021668 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 The Act Impact ACC 410, Jackie Lewis, Ph.D. Abstract The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, officially named the â€Å"Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002†, is recognized to be the most noteworthy U.S. federal disclosure and corporate governance legislation since the Securities Act of1933 (the Securities Act) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act). Furthermore, the provisions of the Act areRead MoreAcc403 Assign 1-Sarbanes Oxley1057 Words   |  5 PagesSarbanes-Oxley Act Student Name Professor Name ACC 403 – Auditing 8/19/2012 Sarbanes-Oxley Act The Effectiveness of Regulations. There used to be a time in the United States when there were no regulations in place to protect the public from corporate greed and deceit. Publically traded companies used the auditors they had on retainer to audit their financial statements. There was no reason to believe that such large corporations would allow their share holders to fall. That fairytaleRead MoreOverview of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act1068 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Sarbanes-Oxley Act Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was signed into law on July 30, 2002, by President George W. Bush; it was a congressional regulatory response to the enormously damaging corporate scandals at WorldCom, the Arthur Anderson accounting group and most notoriously, Enron. Because of the damage done not only to the reputations of those corporations and to the American corporate community but also to the stockholders and people who lost life savings (people who lost 401-K investmentsRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act : A Important Part Of Business1215 Words   |  5 PagesA vital part of business today is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. It was created to protect the integrity of business and the interest of consumers and investors. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act enforces the monitoring of finance data and information technology as it relates to storage of information. It requires the audit of a company’s assets, accounting and finance. The act requires certifications by top company officials’ to guarantee t hat data submitted is true and accurate. Monitoring to ensure complianceRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 20021525 Words   |  7 Pagesin real companies will attempt to cover their misfortunes by reporting false data. Taking after many years of monetary frauds and outrages including executives and officers at a portion of the biggest organizations in the United States, Congress established the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Cheeseman, 2013). Congress ordered the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX Act) to shield customers from the fraudulent exercises of significant partnerships. This paper will give a brief history of the SOX Act, portrayRead MoreThe Importance Of Sarbanes Oxley Act1713 Words   |  7 PagesMEMO To: Professor of ACG 1001 Writing Project From: Calvin Robinson CC: Date: June 13, 2016 Re: The Importance of Sarbanes-Oxley Act After several scandals that involved such major corporations as WorldCom, Enron and Arthur Anderson. President Bush signed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on July 30, 2002 which created after Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley. The act was created to regulate financial practices and corporate governance. It consists of 11 different sections or titlesRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act1322 Words   |  6 PagesSarbanes-Oxley Act The Sarbanes-Oxley is a U.S. federal law that has generated much controversy, and involved the response to the financial scandals of some large corporations such as Enron, Tyco International, WorldCom and Peregrine Systems. These scandals brought down the public confidence in auditing and accounting firms. The law is named after Senator Paul Sarbanes Democratic Party and GOP Congressman Michael G. Oxley. It was passed by large majorities in both Congress and the Senate and coversRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act, An Overview Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagesobligated to act in your best interest, which means to advise and explain to you some important changes in the accounting field relating to Sarbanes Oxley Act, also called SOX. In July 2002, The US Congress enacted the Sarbanes Oxley Act, Also known as the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act (in the Senate) and Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act (in the House). Co-authored by U.S. Sen. Pa ul Sarbanes of Maryland and U.S. Rep. Michael Oxley of OhioRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act ( Sox )1728 Words   |  7 Pagestelecommunication company, WorldCom committed one of the biggest accounting scandals of all time. They perpetrated over *1 $3.8 billion in fraud, leading to a loss of 30,000 jobs and $180 billion losses for investors . This is one of the several accounting scandals that led to the passing of Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which introduced the most comprehensive set of new business regulations since the 1930’s. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) is an act that was passed by United States Congress in 2002. This act safeguardedRead MoreAudit Partner Rotation - Issue Brief1409 Words   |  6 Pagescorporate crises, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act includes a provision regarding mandatory audit partner rotation for firms auditing public companies. This should not be confused with audit firm rotation and it is important to make the distinction. The Act requires the lead audit pa rtner and audit review partner (or concurring reviewer) to be rotated every five years on all public company audits. The Act requires a concurring review of all audits of issuers (as defined in the Act). The focus of this document

The Dark Side Of The Eyes By Bram Stoker - 1704 Words

Eyes are the real windows into the soul. Although some individuals may attempt to mask their true feelings, all is revealed by glancing into their eyes. From the lurid red eyes described in Bram Stoker’s novel Dracula, to the golden brown orbs of Edward, Stephanie Meyer’s character in Twilight, the eyes become a peephole to one’s inner most thoughts and feelings. Not only a peephole into their thoughts; but also a chink in the armor used to protect the individual from harm. This crack exposes feelings that Stoker and Meyer’s characters would like to keep to themselves. A vampire’s hunger â€Å"for thirst† can strongly be expressed through their eyes. In the beginning of Twilight, Bella â€Å"vividly remembered the flat black color of [Edward’s]†¦show more content†¦hunt people†(Meyer 186). Jacob continues by saying that the â€Å"family wasn t supposed to be dangerous because [they] only hunted animals† (Meyer 1 86). The red eyes of James, Victoria and Laurent are a manifestation of their diet. Bella describes their eyes as â€Å"not the gold or black [she] had come to expect, but a deep burgundy color that was disturbing and sinister† (Meyer 376). Meyer’s usage of the words disturbing and sinister give the impression that the travelers are up to no good and give the reader an eerie vibe. The burgundy color represents what their diet consist of, human blood. Bella and the Cullens know that the travelers’ thirst will need to be fulfilled, their thirst for her blood. Count Dracula’s eyes, like those of the travelers’ in Twilight, are also red, making the connection that he feeds on human blood. An expression of his thirst comes when Jonathan ironically cuts himself while shaving. Jonathan writes, of Dracula, that â€Å"his eyes blazed with a sort of demoniac fury, and he suddenly made a grab at my throat† (Stoker 33). This perceived fury is the Countà ¢â‚¬â„¢s thirst for blood. The fury being described as demoniac shows that Dracula is not of this world, he acts like a demon, a monster from hell. Through blazing eyes, Edward and Count Dracula convey their hatred toward others. Edward’s hate toward the men in Port Angeles is revealed when, â€Å"his blazing eyes stared straight ahead† as he drove at high speeds through parts of the town

Benefits of Carrot Free Essays

Carrots provide varied health edges. It is nourishing and fibre-wealthy vegetables, regardless of whether you devour them entirely or in a fluid. The recovery strength of carrot juice has many, e. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of Carrot or any similar topic only for you Order Now g., it can adjust glucose, alleviate blockage, combats against irritation, enhances the standard of eyesight, useful for the properly being of hair and skin etc. Inferable from their recuperating characteristics, they may beput in straightforward on wounds, swelling to speedy cured them. Here are a few medical advantages of carrot fluids.1. Advantages for the skin:- For those who have a background marked by skin issues, add carrot drink to your daily food. A considerable quantity of diet A in carrots, give you safety against avariety of skin issues and assist you in preserving your skin healthier. Upload extra carrots for your regular eating routine and you may build the skin’s wellbeing. Feeding carrot is very much useful in keeping your skin energetic, vibrant and solid. Consuming carrot fluid regularly may assist to put off numerous scars or blemishedpores and skin. Carrots have an affluent quantity of vitamin C which is a powerful water-soluble antioxidant, enables skin to recuperate quicker from outside injuriesand damage. This Vitamin also requires for keeping up the flexibility of the skin. So, everyday use of carrots can assist in stopping wrinkles, and be slowing down the way towards maturing. Carotenoids and cell reinforcements properties in carrots ensure the skin to beautify immunity in opposition to dangerous solar rays andrecuperate sunburns. Doctors advise drinking carrot fluids in summers as it fills in asa herbal solar blocking specialist. Dry skin is normally as a result of lack of potassium inside the body. Carrots are wealthy resources of potassium, and everyday utilization naturally prompts skin hydrous and moisturize. The beta-carotene, an element in carrotis useful in repairing skin tissues. 2. Benefits of Hair: A carrot has the ability to boost hair thickness and improve hair nourishment. Filled with Vitamin A, carrots can provide a bunch of benefits in your hair: Carrots are powerful in battling baldness, forming it dense, dazzling, lengthy and very intense. Carrots have abundant Vitamin C and E which can enhance blood circulation in your scalp and ultimately put a stop to untimely hair greying. Lift Immune Function:- Carrots possess a few sterile and antimicrobial capabilities that lead them to perfect for boosting the immune procedure. Beta-carotene, an immune-boosting nutrient, might assist you to keep healthy and oppose unhealthy microorganism. A season’s cold virus can stick around for maybe a couple weeks,making it troublesome to go to work or school. In Carrots there is a plenty of vitamin Cwhich is an antimicrobial, can assist to reduce the intensity of a cold as early as possible.Indeed, if you take two glasses of carrot squeeze every day, can enhance your immunity almost 70%!4. Brings down Blood Pressure:- Excessive LDL cholesterol may be a chief aspect inflicting coronary heart sicknesses. Carrots havehuge amounts of dietary fibre of their roots that enables to put off extra LDL cholesterol from thepartitions of arteries and blood vessels. So as to stop heart-related issues, it is imperative to intakegood quantities of carrots regularly. Researchers have discovered that consuming carrots regularlycan decrease the chances of stroke by 68%. Carrots have an opulent resource of Potassiumwhich can boost to keep control of your cholesterol level. Potassium that may be a vasodilator mayloosen up the anxiety in your veins and arteries and by reducing the strain on the circulatory system.As low as cholesterol levels lessen the chances of coronary illness and stroke. Regulate Diabetes:- Carrots are excellent for glucose regulation thanks to the carotenoids, antioxidants, available in them. They may be regarded as proportional affect insulin resistance and as a result, bring down glucose and lead a sound life.6. Help in Digestion:- Carrots have a decent quantity of dietary fibre in their roots. Fibre provides mass to stool, which encourages it to pass smoothly via the digestive tract. By and large, this diminishes theseverity of astringency. Enhance Eyesight:- Carrots are also very much useful for your eyes. Insufficiencies of vitamin A will cause a few issueslike seeing in the fuzzy light. Carrots are filling with vitamin A which supports to enhance eyesight and stop the situation like night visual deficiency or the incapability to see in dim light-weight or obscurity from creating as we grow older. Beta-carotene has likewise been appeared to ensure against macular degeneration and decrepit cataracts. Defends Teeth and Gums: -Carrots can smooth your tooth and mouth as well. It can activate gums and cause a whole lot of spit, and protect your tooth against cavity-forming bacteria. Just Feed them at the tip of a meal and decreasethe danger of cavities. The minerals in carrots avoid tooth harm. Liver Safety:- Carrot concentrate might also assist to defense your liver organ from the harmful impacts ofenvironmental chemicals.So, you could eat them crude or baked and brought to just about pretty much any dinner you can consider. Marginally sweet taste and all-around health benefits make carrots well-liked. Thus, make a habit to take part in your everyday meal routine and experience all the health blessings they must provide. How to cite Benefits of Carrot, Papers

Mob ia free essay sample

Conflict is a situation of competition in which the parties are aware of the incompatibility of potential future positions and in which each party wishes to occupy a position which is incompatible with the wishes of the other. In this study the researcher investigated the conflict management strategies used by Digicel, down town Kingston to improve the relationship between employees and management. The researcher focused on what causes conflict, strategies by management to reduce conflict and also how the strategies used affect the relationship between employees. In this study the researcher elaborated to the following objectives above. In most businesses conflict can be both constructive and also healthy in an organization but it also brings forth underlying issues that employees face in the organization and which can later cause either feud or tension between the employees. In every organization there are different reasons that can cause conflict among employees. According to Art Bell (2002) he gave six reasons for conflict in the workplace: conflicting needs, conflicting styles, conflicting perceptions, conflicting goals, conflicting pressures, and conflicting roles which are a few of the factors that cause conflict while Brett Hart (2002) discusses two addition causes of conflict which is different personal values and unpredictable policies. We will write a custom essay sample on Mob ia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In a work place conflict can cause the employees to have distant relationships and segregation which can be bad according to (Hart 2002) Segregation in the workplace leads to gossiping, suspicion, and -ultimately, conflict. In the workplace can cause negative effect on the productivity on the manager and employees and it is also time consuming on the mangers part, according to Reynolds and Kalish (2002), organizational consultants in mediation, collaboration and conflict resolution, note that managers spend at least 25 percent of their time resolving workplace conflicts. This obviously affects the productivity of both managers and associates (employees) and can have a far-reaching impact on organizational performance. In several businesses today, a major problem that is ongoing is the amount of conflict that is present. The managers are finding several different strategies to approach the problem as to solve the conflict. Every business has different strategies to reduce crime in their workplace. It can also be said that the size of the organization comes with different strategies to resolve conflict than a smaller organization. According to Amy Raines (2007) large organizations strategies to resolve conflict is by mediation, incrementalism, which involves developing solutions over time, negotiating and effective communication. Both large and small business have conflict management strategies and according to rian Thomas (2002) strategies large and small businesses can use is facilitation, neutral conflict resolving sessions and conflict training and according to him by apply these strategies in the workplace the business will be able to continue the path of the businesses goal with less or no conflict to deal with. According to M. Afzalur Rahim (2002) a strategy used to resolve conflict is to attain and maintain a moderate amount of substantive conflict. According to him a substantive conflict occurs when two employees in the business disagree on their task or content issue. Groups that report this kind of conflict have higher performance because this kind of conflict can improve group performances through better understanding of different viewpoints and alternative solutions. According to Fleetwood (1987) there are five conflict management strategies and to him persons address themselves as if they are a strategy used to resolve conflict. He said the five conflict personality that a person is that they are the competitor, the collaborator, compromiser, the accommodator and lastly the avoider. It can be said that different business and people handle conflicts in different ways and the same way and this is because they are comfortable with it. When conflict arise persons often see as they are competing with someone for the same thing so conflict management strategies are a result of ones concern for accomplishing their goal and also being concerned about another accomplishing his or her goal. Inside the business world these days the ability to resolve conflict is an invaluable resource. There is a need for conflict resolution practices in all aspects of society for example business organizations. Conflict management strategies are designed to enhance peaceful cohesiveness, promote stability and improve performances, but its major purpose is to reduce and terminate conflict. Conflict cannot be prevented so the strategies to reduce it were created. The strategies may not be effective in all situations but they do work and in this research will prove if it is effective or not. According to Charles Mwanga and Mary Ragui (2013) a study was done by them and it proved that majority of the persons that were involved said that failure of management and the union to follow the recognition agreement in solving labor issues greatly affects their performances. Conflict not only affect the members relationship but it also affects groups, according to Rahim (2002) a strategy minimizing conflict and various levels is not always effective. According to him effective conflict strategies builds group loyalty, work group commitment, intent to stay in the present organization and job satisfaction. These result from high level of stress, anxiety and conflict escalation. The strategies that the manager used at the time can be beneficial to the employees. According J. H. Lim and R. Yazdanifard (2012) said if you can develop the internal capability to â€Å"mediate† conflicts, most issues can be resolve effectively. Research has suggested that when managers adopt a conflict management style that focus on satisfying needs of parties involve in conflict situation, supervisors and subordinates tend to build a relationship based on trust and respect. According to Salami (2009) withdrawing strategy has a tendency engender counter productivity and work behavior. Conflict is known to be evident in all human interaction. In any organization there are different causes of conflict and role differentiation acquires different strategies to handle conflict. In some situation it is beneficial to the business and the employees but not all the time it comes with a few consequences and in the research that was don’t the researcher broke down the different types of conflict found in all kind of businesses and also strategies to reduce it because conflict cannot be avoided and also the effect of the strategies use, if it either positive or negative. Methodology The researcher chose to investigate the topic conflict management strategies used by digicel in downtown Kingston to improve the relationship between employees and management. The study investigated what causes conflict in an organization and also to determine the strategies used by management to reduce conflict among employees. The design of the study included the use of qualitative research method which aims to get a better understanding through firsthand experience, truthful reporting, and quotations of actual conversations. It aims to understand how the participants derive meaning from their surroundings, and how their meaning influences their behavior . The method used in the research is an interview and a questionnaire because it brings forth data that is easily analyzed because responses are usually one word answers and numbers. An interview was chosen because it allows the person being interviewed to express his/her view and it does not limit them as respondents can give added information. The person interviewed was the manager. A random sampling method was used. A random sampling method enables every member of the targeted population has an equal chance of being chosen for the study. The researcher selected the representatives’ sample using probability Participation in the research was voluntary. Respondents were informed of the purpose of the research and the reason for which the research will be used. The population of the organization was 650 employees and twenty (20) persons were chosen randomly to participate in the study and one manager. Recommendations The researcher advices that the following recommendations be taken to reduce conflict in organizations between employees and managers: Management can provide a system that provides the reporting of incidents of workplace conflict and deal with the reports fairly and efficiently. educate managers and staff in communication, as well as in conflict prevention and Management. Implement strategies to ease the impact of change and decrease stress among staff; situations before they escalate. Make conflict resolution a priority among all staff members; Empower staff members to resolve problems among colleagues. Foster positive relationships, trust and respect among staff members and promote a work environment in which conflict-creating forms of behavior (for example, exclusion or dysfunctional cliques) are not tolerated. Formulate new and effective strategies that allows for the organization to allocate scarce resources fairly rather than as an organization competing among Presentation of data Fig 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig 8 Fig. 9 Fig 10 Management avoiding conflict causes more conflict Responses frequency agree 4 strongly agree 18 disagree 5 strongly disagree 3 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Interview Manager An interview was done with the manager of the Digicel in downtown Kingston so as to ascertain the forces responsible for the conflicts that the organization faces. The questions asked by the interviewer are presented in the appendix. The manager was assured by the interviewer that his identity would remain confidential. Questions Answers What is the main cause of conflict Competition for scarce resources How do you handle conflict? When resolving a problem between employees, I serve as a neutral third party. When needed, I establish rules of conduct. How do you cope with conflict in the workplace? I try to anticipate conflict and take steps to resolve this at the earliest possible stage as I know that most of the conflicts can be resolved with just reaching out the people involved and communicating tactfully. Give an instance wherein you had to settle a conflict between two individuals. In my team, there were two colleagues whose relationship deteriorated to such an extent that the atmosphere they created was terrible. Interpretation of data A research was done to investigate the conflict management strategies used by digicel, down town Kingston, to improve the relationship between employees and management and to find background on what causes conflict among employees in an organization, to determine the strategies used by management to reduce conflict among employees and to determine how the strategies used by management by affect employees between each other. Through use of questionnaires issued to workers at the organization, the researcher found 60% the participants think that clash of personalities causes conflict and this while 23% strongly agree and this only means that in the Digicel organization there are different types of personalities that share different views and they all think their way is right and none wants to compromise with the other. On the other hand some participants in the research think otherwise. This proves (Brett hart 2000)0 theory that personality differences causes conflict, the research also proved that poor communication is a cause conflict and 53% of the participants agreed to that also 20% says it rarely causes conflict this is because employees do communicate with their subordinates I a respectful way and from that conflict arises.. The researcher also found that there are different strategies to resolve conflict or reduce it and it is shown in fig 6 that 57% of the participants believe that withdrawing from conflict situation reduces it and this can be because if individuals walk away from conflict and be the bigger person the conflict will either subside of eventually go away also she found out that collaboration between employees resolves conflict and in fig 9 50% of the participants strongly agree that it resolves conflict and this is because if employees are able to put their differences aside and look at the bigger picture which is meeting the goal of a project are the business then there will be no conflict between them. The study also found out that management cannot avoid conflict it only causes problem and out of the total participant 18 of them said they strongly agree and this is because management is the person that is supposed to come up with a solution and if they avoid the conflict there will be no structure and all hell may break lose so management should be there to take hold of the situation and bring structure to it and this proves the research also found that mediation is often used in conflict situation to resolve it and 50% of the participants said that and it is shown in fig 12 . With mediation the both parties involved are able to come to a concise and agreed decision that they both agree on. This proves Amy Raines (2007) is proven by which she said that mediation is strategy uses to reduce conflict in the work place. The researcher was blso able tro find out the effectiveness of the strategies that organizations used by management to reduce conflict in the wokplace. according to the fig 10 33% of the participants at digicel said that negotaition is the most effective methood used by mangement to reduce conflict and this is because if both parties involved in the conflict can negotaite and come to an agreement then the conflict is resolve with no problems. According J. H. Lim and R. Yazdanifard (2012) he said if you can develop the internal capability to â€Å"mediate† conflicts, most issues can be resolve effectively. Which he is saying that if individuals are able to deal with conflict on their own then conflict will be resolve in the benefit of both parties. The research also suggests that if style used by management is effective and it satisfies the needs of both parties involved then the supervisors and subordinates tend to build a relationship on trust on loyalty that in the end will benefit the business in a positive way. According to Salami (2009) withdrawing strategy has a tendency engender counter productivity work behavior. He means that employee behavior go against the legitimate interests of an organization. These behaviors can harm organizations or people in organizations including employees and clients, customers, or patients. Reference Bell, Art Ph. D. (2002). Six ways to resolve workplace conflicts. McLaren School of Business, University of San Francisco website. Salami, S. O. (2007). Moderating effect of trait EI on the relationship between emotional labor and organizational citizenship behavior. European Journal of Social Sciences 5(2), 142-150. Reynolds, Stephanie, and Eryn Kalish. (2002). Managing collaborative conflict resolution. McDowell, M. , Coleman, K. , Raines, Amy W. , Seay, and Sullivan, S. (2007). Management Models for Resolving Conflict in the Workplace. Thomas, Rian. (2002). Conflict Management Systems: A Methodology for Addressing the Cost of Conflict in the Workplace. Rahim, M. Afzalur. (2002). Toward a Theory of Managing Organizational Conflict: The International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 206-235. Fleetwood, L. Karen. (1987). The Conflict Management Styles and Strategies of Educational Managers. Mwangi, C. , Ragui, M. (2013). Effects of Workplace Conflicts on Employee Performance in the Air Transport Industry in Kenya. Lim J. H. , R. Yazdanifard (2012). The Difference of Conflict Management Styles and Conflict Resolution in Workplace: Business Entrepreneurship Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, 2012, 141-155. Introduction The researcher chose to investigate the topic. The main objective was to investigate the strategies used by management to deal with conflict between employees and management in Digicel. From the research main object she wanted to find the causes of conflict, also the strategies used to minimize the conflict in Digicel and also the effectiveness of the strategies used by management in Digicel. Digicel is a business that is in the private sector and owned by private individuals. Digicel is a tertiary business which provides services for residential and commercial consumers such as telephone services and also wireless internet to the residential and commercial consumers. Management of Business Internal Assessment Name: Collette fiddler School: Camperdown High School Territory: Jamaica Registration #: Teacher: Ms. Peterkin Centre #: 100115 Date of exam: May 2014 Conclusion The researcher was able to her objective and also justify her aims. She investigated three aims in which they all proved different results but in some way link back to each other. In her first aim she wanted to find out that causes of crime evident in workplaces and in that she found out that there are different causes like poor communication, personality differences, competition for scarce resources and many more. Most of the participants in the research agree with the findings. She also found the strategies that management used in digicel to reduce conflict varies. There were different answers coming from other researchers as well as the employees from digicel. Among the answers were collaboration, mediation, compromising and many more. All of the participants in the research agree with the findings. The researcher also proved the effectiveness of the strategies used and she found out that not all the time the result are positive they also bring negative effects some off the positive effects is that it builds trust between employees and managers. The businesses goal is met with ease on the employee’s part and also it make for a positive environment in the work place. With those positive effects there is negative effects which are high level5 of stress, anxiety and conflict escalation if the employees don’t agree with the strategy used by management Analysis of data Fig 1 On the graph above it shows a cause of conflict which is clash of personalities. Most of the participants in the research agree that it is a cause of conflict in digicel. 60% of them agreed. Right behind is strongly agree which 23% agreed. While 10% strongly disagree that clash of personality is a cause of conflict and 3% of the recipients disagree. Fig 2 In the pie chart above it shows another cause of conflict which poor communication. Majority of the participants in the research which was 53% said that is only sometimes poor communication causes conflict while 20% of them said that poor communication rarely causes conflict. The percentage remaining recipients wasn’t far apart. 17% said that poor communication causes conflict and 10% said it never causes conflict. Fig3 On the bar graph above it shows that the management style digicel uses which is autocratic contributes to conflict in the organization. The percentages of the responses weren’t far apart, there isn’t a far separation between the responses. 43% of the recipients agreed that the management style sometime contributes to conflict while 30% agreed that it always causes conflict but it isn’t that far from the highest percentage. 17% also agreed that management style rarely contributes to conflict while 10% said never Fig 4 On the graph above it shows cause of conflict that is evident in most organizations which is the competition for scarce resources. Half of the participants which is 50% stated that they strongly agree that competition for scarce resources causes conflict in digicel and the other half of the participants think otherwise. 23% just agree that it causes conflict also 17% just disagree that competition for scarce resources doesn’t cause conflict and also 10% strongly disagree that it does not cause conflict. Fig 5 In the graph above it shows some cause of conflict that most workplace. 47% of the participants from Digicel said that personality differences is main cause of conflict at Digicel. They also said competition for scarce resources is also a cause of conflict. 23% agree with that statement. 17% also said that competition for scarce resources causes conflict. The minority of the Participants said that stress also causes conflict. Fig 6 On the graph above it shows a means of reducing conflict in the workplace which is withdrawing from conflict situations. Not all the participants share the same view. More than half of the participants which is 57% said that they strongly agree that withdrawing from conflict situations reduces conflict also 13% just agree with the statement. Some the participants said otherwise. 20% disagree with the statement saying that it does not reduces conflict and also10% strongly disagree with the statement. Fig 7 On the graph above it shows s strategy used by management to resolve conflict which is compromising. More than half of the participants which is 53% said that they strongly agree that compromising is way of resolving conflict and also 27 just agree with the statement. There were some participants who felt differently about the statement. 13% said that they disagree that compromising is not a way of reducing conflict in Digicel and also 3% said that they strongly disagree with the statement. Fig 8 On the graph above it shows a cause of conflict which is the competition between employees. Half of the participants which is 50% stated strongly agree that completion between employees causes conflict also 27% just agree that it does causes conflict. Not all the participants agreed with the statement a few of them had a different opinion. 13% said that they disagree that competition between employees causes conflict and 10% said that strongly disagree with the statement that it does not cause conflict. Fig 9 On the graph above it shows a strategy used by management to reduce conflict between employees which is collaboration. There is difference of opinions from the participants. Half of the participants which is 50 said that they strongly agree that collaboration reduces conflict between employees and also 27% just agree with the statement but there were participants who thought different. 13% said that disagree. They believe that collaboration between employees does not reduce conflict and also 10 % strongly disagree that collaboration does not reduce conflict. Fig 10 On the graph above it shows strategies used by management to reduce crime. The percentages of the responses are not far apart. 33% of the participants said that negotiation is the most effective strategy used by management to reduce crime at Digicel and not too far back is accommodation that 30% of the participants agree that it is effective. Also collaboration is also said by a few recipients that it is effective and lastly 10% also said that compromising is effective in the workplace. Fig 11 On the graph above it shows that management avoiding conflict causes more conflict in the organization. 50% said that they strongly agree that when management avoids conflict it causes more conflict while 23% just agree that it causes more conflict nut out of the participants you have individuals with a different view on the situation. 17 strongly disagree that management avoiding conflict does not causes conflict and 10% disagree that it doesn’t causes more conflict. Fig 12 On the graph above it shows strategy that management can use to resolve conflict which is mediation. Out of all the participants in the research 50% said that mediation is often used to resolve conflict in digicel and other fifty percent is split up according. 27% of the participants at Digicel said that mediation is sometimes used also 17% said mediation is never used and finally 7% said it’s rarely used.

The Essence Of Power Hitler v Gandhi essays

The Essence Of Power Hitler v Gandhi essays In the late 1800s and the early 1900s the people of northern Europe, southern Africa and Asia were in despair. They had no leaders. They were defenseless. India had been taken over by the British Empire and now the 315 million Indians were under the rule of the 100 thousand British soldiers there. In Germany there were six different political groups; nobody knew what to do. These countries were in shock, they need a change, but more importantly, they needed a leader. Mohandas K. Gandhi was a law student, born and raised in India, but schooled in England. Early on in his career he returned to his birthplace and attempted to practice law there, but he was very unsuccessful. A few years later he moved to South Africa, and again attempted to set up a law practice there. But South Africa was now in British control and the Indian lawyer was subjected to a lot of racial prejudice. Almost immediately he was abused because of his heritage and his law practice went down the drain. Gandhi began to notice the awful discriminations that all Indians suffered from. In 1894 he began a movement that would shape the way that Indians are viewed even today. He began to take charge; he began to lead his people. Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau, Austria in 1889, about the time that Gandhi was realizing his mission in life. Like Mohandas K. Gandhi, Hitler was very smart as a child. Being the son of a public servant, he was able to attend the best schools and was able to partake in any extra-curricular activities he desired. All his father wanted was for his son to follow in his footsteps and attain the rank of public servant or even better, but the boy was very stubborn and when his father refused to let him chase a career as an artist, he decided to stop doing his work, and his grades began to fall drastically. When his father died he quit school and for the next few years lived off his familys money. He did nothi...

Periphrasis Definition - Glossary of Rhetorical Terms

Periphrasis Definition - Glossary of Rhetorical Terms In rhetoric  and  prose style, periphrasis is a roundabout way of saying  something:  the use of an unnecessarily lengthy expression in place of one thats more direct and concise. Periphrasis is a  type of  verbosity. Periphrasis (or circumlocution)  is commonly considered a stylistic vice. Adjective: periphrastic. EtymologyFrom the Greek, talking around Examples NBC Sunday Night Football. Two groups of stalwart men will compete for the possession- and conveyance- of a midsize leather ovoid!(What to Watch. Entertainment Weekly, September 6, 2013)The Elongated Yellow FruitOn the late Boston Transcript, a feature writer, with a fondness for using three words where one would do, once referred to bananas as elongated yellow fruit. This periphrasis so fascinated Charles W. Morton . . . that he began collecting examples of Elongated Yellow Fruit writing. Samples:In the New York Herald Tribune a beaver was almost incognito as the furry, paddle-tailed mammal.The Denver Post elongated mustache into under-nose hair crops.To the Associated Press, Florida tangerines were that zipper-skinned fruit.In the Lincoln [Neb.] Sunday Journal-Star a cow did not give milk; the vitamin-laden liquid came from a bovine milk factory. . . .The Boston Americans ski columnist could not decide whether to call snow the elusive white subtance or the heavenly tapioca. And in Travel magazine, skiers slid down the slopes on the beatified barrel staves.(Elongated Fruit. Time, Aug. 10, 1953) Periphrasis in Euphemisms and the Grand Style Periphrasis occurs when a single word is replaced by several others to form a longer phrase that names the same thing: for instance, briny deep for ocean, or the manly art for boxing. . . . Its often used in euphemisms to speak around, and thus spare readers from any distasteful associations the more direct, single-word variant might trigger: little girls room for toilet, or passed on to greener pastures for died. Writers also use periphrasis to elevate their prose, to raise it from the informality of the low and middle styles to the formality of the high one, as in the following example, And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. (King, I Have a Dream) Periphrasis can also lend prose a poetic or even archaic flavor. As Katie Wales notes, periphrasis is at work in the kennings of Old English poetry (swan road for sea, or heath stepper for deer).(Chris Holcomb and M. Jimmie Killingsworth, Performing Prose: The Study and Practice of Style in Composition. Southern Illinois University Press, 2010) Fowler on the Periphrastic Style The periphrastic style is hardly possible on any considerable scale without much use of abstract nouns such as basis, case, character, connexion, dearth, description, duration, framework, lack, nature, reference, regard, respect. The existence of abstract nouns is a proof that abstract thought has occurred; abstract thought is a mark of the civilized man, and so it has come about that periphrasis and civilization are by many held to be inseparable. These good people feel that there is an almost indecent nakedness, a reversion to barbarism, in saying No news is good news instead of The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments. Nevertheless, The years penultimate month is not in truth a good way of saying November.Strings of nouns depending on one another and the use of compound prepositions are the most conspicuous symptoms of the periphrastic malady, and writers should be on the watch for these in their own composition.(H.W. Fowler, A Dictionary of Modern English Usage, rev. by Ernest Gowers. Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1965) Pronunciation: per-IF-fra-sis Also Known As: circumlocution

Consuming Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consuming Fashion - Essay Example The essay "Consuming Fashion" discovers the fashion consuming. The lifestyle of the baby boomers is unique, they like saving less and consuming more of what they get. In other words, the spending power of the baby boomer generation is considerable compared to the other generation. Baby boomers choice and spending on fashion in the future are largely influenced by their demographics, psychographic and their lifestyle behavior. Retailers have more opportunities in relation to the baby boomer generation, because they are high consumers than the other generations. Baby boomers (post-war baby boomers) were born between 1945 and 1954, and they have brought considerable social change in Britain especially in the consumption area. Macunovich 2000 (1) defines baby boomers as those individuals born between the years 1946 and 1964 in the United States. The group has come under intense scrutiny because of the public perceptions that they will put more pressure on financial and public services. T hey are also under intense scrutiny because they are thought to be a radical and liberal generation who are transforming everything in the society that comes their way. Baby boomers generation is considered to be the first teenagers; this is because they represent the affluent consumer society. Baby boomers are very diverse in nature\, and since they have some degree of experiences in social change, they differ greatly on education, class, and wealth. The status of their education views them as boomers.

Final Portfolio Project - Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Portfolio Project - - Term Paper Example However, Apple is currently facing plenty of HR problems. Change is inevitable for Apple in its HR management to maintain its supremacy in the corporate world, especially in the consumer electronics industry. This paper is written as a change management plan for Apple Inc. The problem, the recommended change, and the goals of the recommended change The major problem associated with Apple Inc. is its poor handling of HR management. Apple has the habit of asking the employees to work overtime most of the times. They disrespect the modern concepts such as work life balancing of the employees. â€Å"The work culture in Apple is demanding and the employees forced to work for 60-70 hours per week. In other words, in Apple there was always more work to do than the employees and hence Apple encourages workaholics† (Qumer, 2009, p.7). Apple has the habit of threatening its employees; they warn the employees that the company is interested in employability rather than employment security . Moreover, Apple Inc. prefers individual work over team work even though modern scientific business management principles strongly support team work for improving productivity and efficiency of the employees and the company. Apple is keeping tight secrecy while developing new products. Even Apple employees may not get much information about the company’s strategies to develop new products. In other words, Apple Inc. is not taking its employees in confidence. â€Å"Apple employees know something big is afoot when the carpenters appear in their office building. New walls are quickly erected. Doors are added and new security protocols put into place. Windows that once were transparent are now frosted. Other rooms have no windows at all. They are called lockdown rooms: No information goes in or out without a reason† (Lashinsky, 2012). Qumer (2009) mentioned that â€Å"Unfairness in promotions and overall treatment is a common complaint in Apple Company† (Qumer, 200 9, p.15).Thus the mutual trust between the employees and Apple Company are significantly damaged because of the poor HR strategies. Apple Inc. should implement drastic changes in its HR management. They should learn lessons from their past experiences. Nadler & Nadler (1997) pointed out that downsizing occurred in Apple Computers in the 80’s and 90’s because of the absence of real organizational change (p.11). In fact Apple Company was on the verge of destruction during this period because of the reluctance of the management in implementing changes. However, the management realised their mistakes and implemented drastic changes during the beginning of 2000 and tasted big success. The same situation is prevailing now. The loss of Steve has created a vacuum at the top of the company. Leadership problems are already visible in Apple Inc. under such circumstances; reluctance in implementing changes in HR management may bring more harm than good. Instead of threatening the employees with respect to employment security, Apple should show more readiness to hear the problems of the employees and settling it. They should give more respect to work-life balancing of the employees and avoid overtime works as much as possible. Discriminations while deciding promotions should be avoided as much as possible. Moreover, the company should take its employees in confidence. They should try to reduce the gap between the company and the employees. Instead of individual work, Apple should encourage teamwork more so that the stress levels of the employees

The History Of The Shade Of Dark Tourism Tourism Essay

The History Of The Shade Of Dark Tourism Tourism Essay The aim of this research project is a critical analysis of dark tourism in relation to its application to Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum in New York, USA. This dissertation will analyse dark tourism, related to Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum, shade of dark tourism, Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum, and strategies of them, then to depth analysis of details of Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum. The literature review shows secondary research and quantitative research, conducted on dark tourism is, the shade framework of dark tourism and some strategies of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum. This indicates analyses structure of the case study. Through this dissertation, the author aim and objectives were achieved, and further suggestions and analysis are provided which could help Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum better match their aim and mission. Chapter 1. Introduction In this section, why Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum have been chosen as a case study are explained. September 11th, 2001 North America suffered a most serious terrorist attack by al Qaeda. The World Trade Center in New York was destroyed and many people died in this attack. Nowadays, American and New York government decide build Ground Zero in the site of the World Trade Center and build the 9/11 Memorial Museum for people to remembers and understand how terrible terrorism is. After the 9/11 attacks, there are many people remembered victims through in many ways, and visitor numbers increased. In recent years, the dark tourism has start to develop (Sharpley and Stone, 2009), and the 9/11 attacks shocked the whole world thus, Ground Zero as a new building and the 9/11 Memorial Museum as the main memorial place, these are the main reasons for the author choosing them as a case study. These are related to dark tourism. Aim: To undertake critical analysis of dark tourism in relation to its application to Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum. Objectives: To critically evaluate dark tourism. To analyse Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum as memorial sites. To evaluate tourism management strategies in relation to balancing the negative and positive side of dark tourism relating to tourism at Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Chapter 2. Literature Review 2.1 Introduction This part is composed of research and information into the meaning of dark tourism and its various shades shade, the situation of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum, and the strategies used to manage Ground Zero and memorial museum. 2.2 Evaluation of dark tourism Each tourism product has a complex design, therefore it is not can easy to definite dark tourism as dark or light (Stone, 2006). In this situation, in order to distinguish dark tourism, the author needs a prudent scale to argue and analyse the shade of dark tourism. Stone (2006) made a summary of the different shade of dark tourism. Table 1: shade of dark tourism Sources: Stone (2006): A dark tourism spectrum: perceived product features of dark tourism within a darkest lightest framework of supply. Each dark tourism site could be analysed by this framework, to define its shade. For Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum the author will use this table to analyse the shade from the definition of dark tourism mentioned above, it is easy to see that dark tourism relates to death and suffering, Stone (2006) referring to Miles (2002) suggests that the difference between sites of death and suffering and sites associated with death and suffering should be understood. The former is the site at a place where there has been death and suffering, and the latter is a site which is connected to death and suffering. Ground Zero was built at the site of the World Trade Center, which was destroyed in 2001 and in which almost 3000 people died (CNN news 2009), Ground Zero corresponds to the sites of death and suffering. On the other hand 9/11 Memorial Museum is not built on the site of the World Trade Center, it just close to the site and its main purpose is to function as a memorial, so this mu seum is part of the sites associated with death and suffering. However, thorough other aspect in table 1 and based on the main theory from Stone (2006) and Miles (2002) , the shades of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum and impact of dark tourism will be analysed late in the Findings section. 2.3 An analysis of Ground Zero. In 09/11/2001, there was an attack by terrorists and the World Trade Center was destroyed, New York is currently rebuilding this site which has a new name Ground Zero. 9/11 was the deadliest terrorist attack in the history of mankind, and now there is a different attitude to related to this site. On May 1, 2011 President Obama announced that American Navy Seals had killed Osama bin Laden who was the mastermind of the 9/11 attacks. Alter (2011) points out that when America heard this news they celebrated and reflected on, most of them going to the grounds of the White House in Washington and to Ground Zero in New York. In this way Ground Zero may be a place for Americans to remember the people who died on 11th September. Although the World Trade Center was destroyed, but now when the people look at Ground Zero, they will recall the memory of 9/11 and they mourn the dead people. In order to offer a good place to people for memory the government is building a museum in 2006 and put into use in 2011 (9/11 Memorial Museum). As can be seen from this place today, Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial museum becomes the main place to have a memory of dead people. These information which mentioned above show one of the main purpose of Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum is to remember victims. In this sense, the provide information help the author achieve the objective 2, which is Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are memorial sites in New York. Memory as the main reason for Ground Zero, and in recent years, especially after 9/11 American government has been ceaselessly the implementating stringent anti- terrorism measures. Miller (2011) points that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the 9/11 terrorist attacks set the stage for the War on Terrorism, in the form of subsequent U.S led invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. In the past, there have been other terrorist attacks on America, but none created such a great influence, in the sense of 9/11 which meant terrorist declared war on humans, and after this event the American government made a strong response to terrorism, and the rebuilding at the site of the World Trade Center means people do not bow to terrorism (Walsh, 2001). In this situation, Ground Zero will be a sign of war on terrorism. Because of the 9/11 terrorism attacks, the U.S government launched a massive counterattack to terrorism, and also affect on the policies and strategies. More details will be analysed in the Findings later. 2.4 Strategies of Ground Zero and 9/11 memorial museum. Sliverstein et al., (2012) in their report refer to after the 9/11 the main signification and action of the World Trade Center is rebuild and memorial. Ground Zero is the new building on the site of the World Trade Center and today the main place to remember 9/11 victims is at the 9/11 Memorial Museum. The author summarises a time line about the main actions of America and New York between 2001 to 2011. Table 2: Main strategies of America and New York after the 9/11 This table just a summarise of the main strategies and action that government used in the past 10 years. Through this table could help the author clean understand the main action of American and New York government to do after 9/11 terrorism attacks. In the findings, the author will use this table to analysis more detail of the government do and related to the significants of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum to analyses. Except strategies and policies on table 2, the author will based on Porters (1985) generic strategy to make a professional strategies anaysis of Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum. There are two ways which suitable for Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum to achieve their mission and help the author achieve objective 3: differentiation and cost leadership. Although the Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum are nonprofits making organisations but their main purpose is make more people understand 9/11 and how horrible terrorism is. In this situation, Ground Ze ro and the 9/11 Memorial Museum also needed strategies to develop them. When an organisation uses a different strategy, it seeks to offer something unique to its customers that they will appreciate. This can be found in marketing sales or the actual product or service. This strategy usually involves charging a premium price to customers to cover the higher production costs and added-value feature. If a organisation uses the cost leadership strategy then it aims to be the lowest-cost producer in the industry to which it belongs. This strategy is usually employed by a large business that produces a standard with little differentiation. It will offer discounts on the products to further increase profits and market share (Porter, 2004). The basis of above-average performance within an industry is sustainable competitive advantage. A cost leadership approach means a firm sets out to become the low cost producer in its industry. Note that a cost leader must achieve parity or at least proximity on the bases of differentiation, even though it relies on cost leadership for its competitive advantage, if more than one company aim for cost leadership, usually this is disastrous, it is often achieved by economies of scale. In this case study, the Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum are free for tourists, although some other museum also feel free but the Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum try to add more value on their products. In the museum, the organisation offers more useful value and information to customers (9/11 Memorial Museum Organisation) more service details will be analysed in the Findings. The differentiation approach means that a firm seeks to be unique in its industry along some dimensions that are widely valued by buyers (Porter 2004). A differentiator can not ignore its cost position. In all areas that do not affect its differentiation, it should try to decrease the cost; in the differentiation area, the costs should at least be lower than the price premium it receives from the buyers. The areas of differentiation can be product, distribution, sales, marketing, service and image. In this paper, because of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum are free for customers, therefore the cost of products in not gong to be the center of analysis in this paper. How are Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum different? Based on Donofrio (2010) and Nevins (2005) refer that 9/11 is the most serious and horrible terrorist attack in the history of mankind, and caused a very serious impact on humans, especially families. In this respect, Ground Zero as the site of this terribel incid ent it has a special meaning, but also it is the most direct place for people to have a memorial for 9/11. For 9/11 Memorial Museum, today this site has become one of the most important places for people to remember 9/11. Because the place of Ground Zero is crowded by traffic, if too many people go there to for remembrance it will impact on traffic, so the government built a museum near by the site of the World Trade Center. For the reasons mentioned above, the Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum are different from other museum and dark tourism sites. Differentiation strategy is suitable for them to provide a high level of products and services. In the findings the author will make more analysis about these two strategies. 2.5 Conclusion This chapter makes a summarised evaluation of dark tourism, the author pays more attention on the shade of Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum, this is in order to understand the nature of dark tourism, and the other part assess the impact of dark tourism will be analysed in the Findings. Because the author considered understanding nature of the dark tourism could help author to better analysis. Dark tourism is a whole industry, in this paper the author chose Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum as case study, so in this part author also give some short evaluation of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum, a simple analysis the shade of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum, and what their mean, it gives out a brief summary of them. The part of 2.2 3 the author based on the characteristics of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum point out two suitable strategies for them to develop, achieve their mission and try to offer a high level of service and information to tourists. In part 2.2 of literature review, the author gives out an overall framework and structure of the whole paper, and expounded which different aspects the author considered and analysed to achieve the aim of this paper based on other authors theories which author researched through secondary research and qualitative research. Chapter Three: Methodology 3.1 Introduction There are many different approach and methods to collect data and information in order to achieve the ultimate goal and solve the research question. This chapter mentions how and why the research data were collected, and also advantages and disadvantages of the chosen methods and how to remedy the disadvantage are presented. The data collected are reliable, credible, and authentic. Steward and Kamins (1993) point out that the main research methods could be divided into primary research, secondary research, qualitative research and quantitative research. As the author determined the overall use of secondary research was chosen in this project to achieve the aim, so methodology will provide sufficient justification to explain why secondary research was selected. Thoms (2009) points out that successful research should include the following elements: purpose, question, approach, and method. Hart (2007. p28) argues that the procedure for formulating a method is a system of methods and rul es to be collected and analysis of data and information. In the following paragraph the author will follow Thoms (2009) and Harts (2007) elements to present the methodology and analyse why secondary research was chosen to collect the data and how to analyse the information . 3.2 The Research Process To determine the choice of approach in the research process, the author will use the following Research Process Onion model, introduced by Saunders et al. (2003) is used. The research process onion allows the researcher to identify the many different layers in the research process and to eliminate or identify the most suitable process. The research process onion consists of the following five different layers: The model is used by starting from step one, the outer layer, which illustrates research philosophy, and peeling away the layers when different criteria have been set until reaching the end, which introduces the possible data collection methods. Once the last step has been reached, the parameters of the research have been established. 3.3 Type of research The first stage of the research onion is called research philosophy. Saunders et al (2003, p. 83) argue that the research philosophy depends on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the way that you think about the development of the knowledge. There are four main philosophies that are used to approach the research: positivist, interpretive, realism, and phenomenology. There are two features of positivism philosophy, they are belief that the natural and the social sciences could help the author achieve the aim through the collection of data and information and to explain, then offer an external reality data support and explain the points (Bryman 2001). On the other hand, the interpretivistic philosophy asserts that the assumptions of both philosophies are unwarranted; especially in cases where the objectives of study are influenced by many factors, and are extremely difficult to isolate and control in experimental laboratory settings (Hirschheim and Klein 1994). The realistic philosophy shares two features with a positivism philosophy: a belief that the natural and the social sciences should apply the same kinds of approach to the collection of data and to explanation, and a commitment to the view that there is an external reality to which scientists direct their attention (Bryman 2001). The first three are not appropriate to this study as the positivist paradigm requires mainly quantitative data and uses large samples; interpretive paradigm is more concerned with generating theories and realism investigates relationship between two variables. The latter one has been used for this study as it was the most suitable for this type of research. The phenomenological approach can be applied to a single case, which is appropriate to this research study as the researcher used one Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum as a case study for investigation. The use of phenomenology in the scenario then was to look into what presented itself that is the tourist attraction, its facilities and performance and then explore behind the scenes and question how the tourism operators sell themselves and of any special techniques which are used to do this. This is summarized by Mariampolski (2001): According to phenomenology, the purpose of the human sciences which presumably includes market research is to pry beneath the surface to expose these categories and habits of mind that shape out perceptions. This research study lends itself to a realistic approach, where the author recognises that areas such as strategy and visitors attitudes cannot be measured and studied in the same way physical process can. Instead, the author wants to discover the mechanisms that brought Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum prosper and where possible, will try to measure the theory applied within the study. The existence of competing, or even explanations is one of the features of realist research. (Fisher, 2004. p 16) 3.4 Research strategies and approach The research objectives were to investigate the key metrics as indicators for success; this involved conducting secondary research by studying data and reports. Based on the objectives, it can be said that this research is an explanatory study. According to Robson (1993), this is a type of discovery is: What is happening; to seek new insights; to ask questions and to assess phenomena in a new light. Exploratory studies are about discovering new information and generating ideas and hypotheses. The researcher explored the factors that contribute to Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum, and how these places gaining a competitive advantage as these were unknown prior to conducting the study. The approach to the study involved a combination of inductive and deductive approaches, inductive because the researcher collected data and then analysed it to draw conclusions and offer theories; deductive because the researcher studied previous research and evidence through the literature review and then compared it to findings to see how they corresponded or contrasted with each other. The strength of inductive arguments is often weaker than deductions. Deductions are certainties but inductive conclusions are probabilities (Fisher, 2004. p 76) These diverse methods area particularly suited for the research as it requires different analysis and allows for more research to be conducted and analysed. Some qualitative data were used for secondary research, involving studying statistic at figures which relates to the three objectives in finding out the indicators of success. Once this data was analysed conclusions were offered to how Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum gains a competitive advantage. 3.5 Research choice The study will benefit from the use of current secondary data to make clear many of the contradictory findings throughout various authors work, therefore, a report-based approach to data collection was adopted, by examining the annual reports and surveys conducted. In the following section the author will analyes why secondary research was chosen. Gene (1976) points out that secondary research is a way to reanalyse data to answer the question, to achieve the purpose, or use old data to answer a new question. Thus, secondary research is through books, journals, websites, or other researchers findings were used to collect data and material. For primary research and secondary research each have their own advantages, for primary research, Steward and Kamins (1993) indicate that primary research have the following advantages. The first is primary research which could allow the researcher collect the data they want and report it in a beneficial way to support the researcher. The second is primary research enables the author to better grasp and control how the information is collected. The last is the way to help companies who under take primary research to keep information hidden from the competitors and possibly offer an information advantage to these companies. Primary research has some deficiencies but for the author, the projects research will use the secondary research. The author will first point out is to the advantages of secondary research. Steward and Kamins (1993) also given some advantages of secondary research. The biggest advantage of secondary research is saving time and cost, because secondary research allows the author to use of secondary data to support a point of view and this will be easier, and sometimes secondary research could provide a higher quality of data than from a new research, like primary research. If the author wants to obtain some information about suggestions for problem planning, research hypotheses and research methods, secondary research could provide these additional advantages. In addition, secondary research also helps researchers to clarify the issue they want to study, and previous primary research can help clarify the focus of the study. Although there are some deficiencies with secondary research, Bryman and Bell (2007, p.334) point out the limitation of secondary research as the following three: 1. Lack of data relating to the research. 2. The data that are collected are complex; some of these data have a large number of respondents and variables. 3. The quality of data is not controllable. 3.6. Construction of the research For this dissertation, a lot of data were obtained from references source such as books, journals, reports, and networks. Most books which author found were in university library. Not only books, but also a large number of journals, magazines, E bookwere used. For secondary research, the author also included information from found websites. The network of all the information from the New York government websites, local government websites, other reports, and Emerald, in these data also include information from E books, these can ensure the datas authenticity, reliability, accuracy and credibility. Real data are better to support this dissertation, and make this dissertation more credible and make up defect of secondary research. According to the aim and objectives, there is much information and data to support this dissertation, however, many of these data sources are not irrelevant. For this reason, the author will consider many aspects of this dissertation to choose the relevant, credible, accurate information, the author will also consider the quality of data, year of information, and when it was published. 3.7 Assessment schematic Rudestam and Newton (2001, p. 60) argue that you need to keep a perspective, and do an evaluation of the advantages of this study, at the same time make a comparative study with same or similar problems. The purpose of the assessment diagram is to ensure that data collection is credible, reliable, effective and could be used for this study. 1. Survey of major issues: Analysis of what are the main issues to be investigated and definition of the concept of the authors work, allows comparison of similar studies. 2. Hypotheses To enquire and evaluate what hypotheses has been stated and whether the theoretical framework is narrowed or broadened 3.The appropriate data for the study To question whether the collected data are appropriate and how they have influenced results and findings. 3.8 Conclusion This chapter explains why the author would choose secondary research to collect and evaluate data. Meanwhile, the author also aware of the limitation of secondary research, therefore, the author would analysis more information and theories to support this study. In this part, the structure will be illustrated that how the author collect information, how to select suitable, correct and accurate information. Chapter 4 Findings 4.1 Evaluation of Dark Tourism. Part 4.1 will introduce the situation of dark tourism and provide a depth analysis of dark tourism in order for the reader to gain an overall concept of dark tourism, and the details of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum will be given in part 4.2. This paper uses Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum for the case study. The museum is a kind of exhibition showing pictures, voices, and experiences, therefore, this part critically examines the value that contemporary and controversial exhibitions techniques play in the visitor experience at sites of historical significance. According to Lennon (2000), dark tourism is a kind of tourism products that signify a fundamental shift in the way in which death, disaster and atrocity are being handled. Sharpley and Stone (2011) also point out that dark tourism includes travel to sites about deaths, disasters and atrocities. It can be easy to understand the definition of dark tourism (also known as black tourism or grief tourism) as a kind of tourism product, meaning a place that people visit in memory of death, disaster, suffering, violence or atrocity. One emerging area of special interest has been identified by Lennon et al. (2000) as dark tourism. This type of tourism involves visits to dark sites such as battlegrounds, scenes of horrific crimes or acts of genocide, for example concentration camps. Dark tourism remains a small niche market, driven by a wide variety of visitor motivations such as mourning, remembrance, education, macabre curiosity or even entertainment, depending on the social, cultural and political context (Stone, 2006). In this study, the author takes a neutral stance on this issue. There are both positive and negative aspects in contemporary exhibition techniques. Consequently, a particularly complex issue revolves around the consumption of dark tourism. People usually visit such dark sites for emotive and controversial ideas. Someone, within contemporary society, visits such places out of respect and remembrance. Someone could obtain a secret pleasure in gazing on the macabre. While, some people contemplate t heir own mortality at such attractions and exhibitions (Stone, 2006). Nowadays, visitors are no longer satisfied to loll on the beach or gather around the hotel bar with other tourists. The increasing attention paid to the phenomenon of dark tourism may arguably be symptomatic of the trend within academic circles to identify and label specific forms of tourism, or to subdivide tourism into niche products and markets (Novelli, 2005). Visiting Nazi death camps in eastern Europe as a holiday itinerary, enjoying family picnics on the battlefields in northern France, purchasing souvenirs at Ground Zero and allowing schoolchildren to gaze upon tools of torture at the London Dungeon, are all examples of the macabre exhibition. Consequently, the term dark tourism has been gradually entering the public, such as academic and media discourse. By definition, dark tourism mean the visits, intentional or otherwise, to purposeful / non-purposeful sites which offer a presentation of death or suffering (Stone, 2005). Likewise, Tarlow (2005) identifies dark tourism as visitations to places where tragedies or historic deaths have occurred and that continue to impact on people`s lives. Dark tourism sites can be divided into several categories and can be defined in terms of site structure and tourist experience features. The usual type of site is interpretive and historical, whether it is located at the primary scene of an atrocity or at a geographically unrelated place. Often taking on the form of a museum, such places exhibit a narrative and an event-based view of violence, leading the tourists through the history and details of a particular tragedy. An in-context technique, (Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, 1998) to contextualise via labelling and explanation, characterises such displays and works to present violence as explainable and cognitive through education and information. 4.1-1 Positive affects of dark tourism Tung and Ritchie (2011) states that tourism is a way for people seek the experiences and open a way to absorption of those experiences. People collect experiences through travel, go different place, meet different people and culture and experiment different life style. Understand world could help us understand ourselves and develop ourselves (Lanterman 2007 referred to Boniface 1998). Although people can learn many things from school, but experiences of life should experiment by people themselves, tourism provides a way to us to learn. In ancient time, Marco Polo traveled to Asia from Europe, when he backed to his country, he brought many advance technology to his country and made European experiment a lot of new things which they never saw before. Today, with developing of dark tourism, there are many new things for tourists to experience enrich themselves. With the degree of infrastructure and normality that surround the supply of dark tourism, even on varying scales (Stone and Sharpley, 2009), the increasingly socially acceptable gaze on death and its reconceptualisation either for entertainment, education or memorial purpose offers both the individual and collective self a practical confrontational mechanism to begin the process of neutralising the impact of mortality. The educational meaning of dark tourism. Sharpley et al. (2010) state that in the UK, around 30% of schools undertook tours to battlefields. Visiting battlefields provides an opportunity to bring history to life, for history students to gain an understanding of what it might have been like to be a soldier of the time. Religious Studies students may visit sites of mass slaughter in order to explore the spiritual issues and the reactions of different faiths (Sharpley et al., 2010). For Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum, they are a part of history of human, and they as the sign of 9/11 it own a special significant, and visitors could learning many things about terrorism and peace in these. Although a tour may exhibit some particular darkness, the experience of visiting battlefields may provide young people with a chance to explore their reactions to death. This reflects the potential mediating role of dark tourism. Secondly, is full of memory to visits. Memorialisation and interpretation are two ways of assuaging feelings such as guilt, fear of forgetting, remembrance and reconciliation (Sharpley et al., 2010). A mass number of visitors to Auschwitz may think of their visit as a pilgrimage, particularly visitors who are survivors or family